Miss Universe (1952-2010)

Miss Universe (1952-2010)

Miss Universe 1952 - Armi Kuusela, Finland
Miss Universe 1953 - Christiane Martel, France
Miss Universe 1954 - Miriam Stevenson, USA
Miss Universe 1955 - Hellevi Rombin, Sweden
Miss Universe 1956 - Carol Morris, USA
Miss Universe 1957 - Gladys Zender, Peru
Miss Universe 1958 - Luz Marina Zuluaga, Columbia
Miss Universe 1959 - Akiko Kojima, Japan
Miss Universe 1960 - Linda Bement ,USA
Miss Universe 1961 - Marlene Schmidt, Germany
Miss Universe 1962 - Norma Nolan, Argentina
Miss Universe 1963 - Idea Maria Vargas, Brazil
Miss Universe 1964 - Corinna Tsopei, Greece
Miss Universe 1965 - Apasra Hongsakula, Thailand
Miss Universe 1966 - Margareta Arvidsson, Sweden
Miss Universe 1967 - Sylvia Hitchcock, USA
Miss Universe 1968 - Martha Vasconcellos, Brazil
Miss Universe 1969 - Gloria Diaz, Philippines
Miss Universe 1970 - Marisol Malaret, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 1971 - Georgia Risk, Lebanon
Miss Universe 1972 - Kerry Anne Wells ,Australia
Miss Universe 1973 - Margarita Moran, Philippines
Miss Universe 1974 - Amparo Munoz, Spain
Miss Universe 1975 - Anne Marie Puhtamo, Finland
Miss Universe 1976 - Rina Messinger, Israel
Miss Universe 1977 - Janelle Commissiong, Trinidad & Tobago
Miss Universe 1978 - Margaret Gardiner, South Africa
Miss Universe 1979 - Maritza Sayalero, Venezuela
Miss Universe 1980 - Shawn Weatherly, USA
Miss Universe 1981 - Irene Saez, Venezuela
Miss Universe 1982 - Karen Baldwin, Canada
Miss Universe 1983 - Lorraine Downes, New Zealand
Miss Universe 1984 - Yvonne Ryding, Sweden
Miss Universe 1985 - Deborah Carthy-Deu, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 1986 - Barbara Palacios Teyde, Venezuela
Miss Universe 1987 - Cecilia Bolocco, Chile
Miss Universe 1988 - Porntip Nakhirunkanok, Thailand
Miss Universe 1989 - Angela Visser, Holland
Miss Universe 1990 - Mona Grudt, Norway
Miss Universe 1991 - Lupita Jones, Mexico
Miss Universe 1992 - Michelle McLean, Namibia
Miss Universe 1993 - Dayanara Torres, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 1994 - Sushmita Sen, India 
Miss Universe 1995 - Chelsi Smith, USA
Miss Universe 1996 - Alicia Machado, Venezuela
Miss Universe 1997 - Brook Lee, USA
Miss Universe 1998 - Wendy Fitzwilliam, Trinidad & Tobago
Miss Universe 1999 - Mpule Kwelagobe, Botswana
Miss Universe 2000 - Lara Dutta, India
Miss Universe 2001 - Denise M. Quiñones, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 2002 - Oksana Fyodorova, Russia
Miss Universe 2002 - Justine Pasek, Panama
Miss Universe 2003 - Amelia Vega Polanco, Dominican Republic
Miss Universe 2004 - Jennifer Hawkins, Australia
Miss Universe 2005 - Natalie Glebova, Canada
Miss Universe 2006 - Zuleyka Riviera Mendoza, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 2007 - Riyo Mori, Japan
Miss Universe 2008 - Dayana Mendoza, Venezuela
Miss Universe 2009 - Stefanía Fernández, Venezuela
Miss Universe 2010 - Jimena Navarrete, Mexico

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Posted in: Award

Miss World (1951-2010)

Miss World (1951-2010)

Miss World 1951 - Kiki Haakonson, Sweden
Miss World 1952 - May Louise Flodin, Sweden
Miss World 1953 - Denise Perrier, France
Miss World 1954 - Antigone Costanda, Egypt
Miss World 1955 - Carmen Zubillaga, Venezuela
Miss World 1956 - Petra Schurmann, Germany
Miss World 1957 - Marita Lindahl, Finland
Miss World 1958 - Penelope Coelen, South Africa
Miss World 1959 - Corine Rottschafer, Holland
Miss World 1960 - Norma Cappagli, Argentina
Miss World 1961 - Rosemarie Frankland, United Kingdom
Miss World 1962 - Catharine Lodders, Holland
Miss World 1963 - Carole Crawford, Jamaica
Miss World 1964 - Ann Sidney, United Kingdom
Miss World 1965 - Lesley Langley, United Kingdom
Miss World 1966 - Reita Faria, India 
Miss World 1967 - Madeiline Hartog Bel, Peru
Miss World 1968 - Penelope Plummer, Australia
Miss World 1969 - Eva Reuber Staier, Austria
Miss World 1970 - Jennifer Hosten, Grenada
Miss World 1971 - Lucia Petterle, Brazil
Miss World 1972 - Belina Green, Australia
Miss World 1973 - Marjorie Wallace, USA
Miss World 1974 - Anneline Kriel, South Africa
Miss World 1975 - Winelia Merced, Puerto Rico
Miss World 1976 - Cindy Breakspeare, Jamaica
Miss World 1977 - Mary Stavin, Sweden
Miss World 1978 - Silvana Suarez, Argentina
Miss World 1979 - Gina Swainson, Bermuda
Miss World 1980 - Kimberly Santos, Guam
Miss World 1981 - Pilin Leon, Venezuela
Miss World 1982 - Mariasela Lebron, Dominican Republic
Miss World 1983 - Sarah Jane Hutt, United Kingdom
Miss World 1984 - Astrid Herrera, Venezuela
Miss World 1985 - Hofi Karlsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1986 - Giselle Laronde, Trinidad
Miss World 1987 - Ulla Weigerstorfer, Austria
Miss World 1988 - Linda Petursdottir, Iceland
Miss World 1989 - Andeta Kreglicka, Poland
Miss World 1990 - Gina Marie Tolleson, USA
Miss World 1991 - Ninebeth Jiminez, Venezuela
Miss World 1992 - Julia Kourotchkina, Russia
Miss World 1993 - Lisa Hanna, Jamaica
Miss World 1994 - Aishwariya Rai, India
Miss World 1995 - Jacqueline Aquilera, Venezuela
Miss World 1996 - Irene Skliva ,Greece
Miss World 1997 - Diana Hayden, India 
Miss World 1998 - Linor Abargil, Israel
Miss World 1999 - Yukta Mookhey, India
Miss World 2000 - Priyanka Chopra, India
Miss World 2001 - Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite Darego—Nigeria
Miss World 2002 - Azra Akin—Turkey
Miss World 2003 - Rosanna Davidson, Ireland
Miss World 2004 - Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Peru
Miss World 2005 - Unnur Birna Vilhjalmsdottir, Iceland
Miss World 2006 - Tat’ana Kucharova, Czech Republic
Miss World 2007 - Zhang Zhi Li, China PR
Miss World 2008 - Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia
Miss World 2009 - Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar
Miss World 2010 - Alexandria Mills, USA

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Posted in: Award

Abbreviations

A
AAFI AAPSO AASU ABM AC ACC AD ADB AERE AGOC AICC AICTE AIDS AIFE AIIMS AIL AIMPLB AIR AITUE AM ANC APEC APSC ASEAN ASLV ASI ASSOCHAM ASWAC ATS	Amateur Athletics Federation of India Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation All Assam Students Union Anti Ballistic Missile Alternate Current / Ashok Chakra / Air Conditioner / Antarctic Club Anxillary Cadet Core Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus) Asian Development Bank . Atomic Energy Research Establishment Asian Games Organisation Committee All India Congress Committee All India Council of Technical Education Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome All India Football Federation All India Institute of Medical Sciences Aeronautics India Limited All India Muslim Personal Law Board All India Radio (Broadcasting) All India Trade Union Congress Anti Meridian (Before Noon) African National Congress Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Army Postal Services Core Association of South East Asian Nations Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle Archaeological Survey of India Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)  Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control Anti Tetanus Serum
B
BAMS BARC BBC BC BCG BCCI BEL BENELUX BHEL BIFR BIMSTEC BIS B Pharma BSF	Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery Bhabha Atomic Research Centre British Broadcasting Corporation Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus) Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine) Board of Control for Cricket in India Bharat Electronics Limited Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial Reconstruction Finance Board) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation Bureau of Indian Standards Bachelor of Pharmacy Border Security Force
C
CAD CAG CARE CASE CAT CAZRI CBI CBSE CCEA CCS C-DAC CDMA CDRI CDS CHOGM CID CIS CISF CITU CNG COD COFEPOSA CPO CPRI CRPF CRR CSIR CSO CTS CVC	Command Area Development Comptroller and Auditor General Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerised Axial Tomography  Central Arid Zone Research Institute Central Bureau of Investigation Central. Board of Secondary Education Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs Cabinet Committee on Security Centre For Development of Advance Computing Code Division Multiple Access Central Drug Research Institute Compulsory Deposit Scheme Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting Criminal Investigation Department Commonwealth of Independent States Central Industrial Security Force , Centre of Indian Trade Unions Compressed Natural Gas Central Ordnance Depot Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act Central Passport Organisation Central Power Research Institute Central Reserve Police Force Cash Reserve Ratio Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Statistical Organisation Computerised Tomography Scanner Central Vigilance Commission
D
DDT DFDR DIG D.Lit. DM DMK DNA DPAP DPC DPSA DRDO DTH DVD	Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane 'Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)' Deputy Inspector General Doctor of Literature District Magistrate Dravida Munetra Kazhagam Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid 'Drought Prone Area Programme Dabhol Power Company Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft Defence Research and Development Organisation Direct to Home Digital Versatile Disk
E
EAS ECD ECG EEC EEG ELISA EMF EPABX EPZ ERDA ESMA EVM EXIM Bank	Employment Assurance Scheme European Central Bank Electro Cardiogram European Economic Community Electro Encephalogram Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay Electromotive Force Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange Export Processing Zone Energy Research and Development Administration Essential Services Maintenance Act Electronic Voting Machine Export-Import Bank of India
F
FAO FBI FBTR FCI FDR FERA FEMA FICCI FIPB FIR FRS FTII FTZ	Food and Agriculture Organisation Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) Fast Breeder Test Reactor Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) Foreign Exchange Regulation Act Foreign Exchange Management Act Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry Foreign Investment Promotion Board First Information Report Fellow of the Royal Society Films and Television Institute of India Free Trade Zone
G
GAIL GATT GIC GMT GNLF GNP GPF GPO GPS GSI	Gas Authority of India Limited General Agreement on Tariff and Trade General Insurance Corporation Greenwich Mean Time Gorkha National Liberation Front Gross National Product General Provident Fund General Post Office Global Positioning System Geological Survey of India
H
HAC HAL HCF HDFC HIV HMT HUDCO HYVS	Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Highest Common Factor Housing Development Finance Corporation Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Hindustan Machine Tools Housing and Urban Development Corporation High Yield Variety Seeds
I
IAAI lAC IAEA IARI IBRD ICAR ICBM ICC ICFTU ICICI ICJ ICMR ICSI IDA IDBI IDO IDPL IFA IFCI IFFI IFFCO IFTU IIPA lIS IISCO lIT ILO IMA IMF INGCA INS INSAT INTELSAT INTERPOL INTUC IOC IPC IPKF IQ IRBM IRC IRDA IRDP ISB ISM ISO ISP ISRO IST ITBP ITDC ITPO ITO ITUC	International Airport Authority of India Indian Airlines Corporation International Atomic Energy Agency Indian Agricultural Research Institute International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Indian Council of Agricultural Research Inter Continental Ballistic Missile International Cricket Council International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited International Court of Justice Indian Council of Medical Research Indian Company Secretaries Institute International Development Agency Industrial Development Bank of India International Defence Organisation Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited Indian Football Association Industrial Finance Corporation of India International Film Festival of India Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative International Federation of Trade Unions Indian Institute of Public Administration Indian Institute of Sciences Indian Iron and Steel Company Indian Institute of Technology International Labour Organisation Indian Military Academy International Monetary Fund Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art Indian Naval Ship Indian National Satellite International Telecommunication Satellite International Police Organisation Indian National Trade Union Congress International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation Indian Penal Code Indian Peace Keeping Force Intelligence Quotient Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile International Red Cross Insurance Regulatory Development Authority Integrated Rural Development Programme Indian Standard Bureau Indian School of Mines International Organisation for Standardisation Internet Services Provider Indian Space Research Organisation Indian Standard Time Indo-Tibet Border Police Indian Tourism Development Corporation Indian Trade Promotion Organisation International Trade Organisation Indian Trade Union Congress
J
JMM	Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
K
KG	Kinder Garten
L
LASER LIC LLB LLM LMG LoC LoAC LPG LSD LTTE	Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation Life Insurance Corporation of India Bachelor of Law Master of Law Light Machine Gum Line of Control (Pakistan) Line of Actual Control (China) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Lysergic acid di-ethylamide Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam
M
MA MASER MBA MBBS MBT MCA MCC MD MFN MI MISA MIT MLA MLC MNC MRCP MRCS MRTPC MODVAT	Master of Arts Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Master of Business Administration Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Main Battle Tank Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer Application Melbourne Cricket Club Doctor of Medicine Most Favoured Nation Military Intelligence Maintenance of Internal Security Act Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA) Member of Legislative Assembly Member of Legislative Council Multi National Corporation Member of Royal College of Physicians Member of Royal College of Surgeons Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission Modified Value Added Tax
N
NABARD NACO NAEP NAFED NAFTA NAPP NASA NASDAQ NASSCOM NATO NCW NCCR NCERT NDA NDDB NDF NEERI NEFA NEPA NFDC NFL NHRC NICO NIDC NIIT NIMHANS NITIE NMDS NMEP NOIDA NPC NPP NPT NRDC NREP NRI NSC NSSO NTC NTPC	National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development National AIDS Control Organisation National Adult Education Programme National Agricultural and Marketing Federation North American Free Trade Agreement Narora Atomic Power Plant National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation National Association of Software & Service Companies North Atlantic Treaty Organisation National Commission for Women National Council for Civil Right National Council of Educational Research & Training National Defence Academy National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat) National Defence Fund . National Environment Engineering Research Institute North-East Frontier Agency National Environment Protection Authority National Film Development Corporation National Fertilizer Limited National Human Rights Commission New Information and Communication Order National Industrial Development Corporation National Institute of Information Technology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering National Missile Defence System (US) National Malaria Eradication Programme New Okhla Industrial Development Authority National Productivity Council National Population Policy Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty National Research and Development Corporation National Rural Employment Programme Non Resident Indian National Security Council National Sample Survey Organisation National Textile Corporation National Thermal Power Corporation
O
OGL OIL OK ONGC OPEC	Open General Licence Oil India Limited All Correct Oil and Natural Gas Commission Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P
PCI PCS Ph. D PIN PLO PM POTA PSLV PTI PRO PTO PVC PVSM PWD PWG	Press Council of India Provincial Civil Services Doctor of 'Philosophy Posial lndex Number Palestine Liberation Organisation Post Meridian / Prime Minister Prevention of Terrorism Act Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle Press Trust of India Public Relations Officer Please Turn Over Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra Param Vishisht Seva Medal Public Work's Department People's War Group
Q
QED QEF QEI QMG	Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved) Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done) Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found) Quarter Master General
R
RADAR RAW R & D RBI RCC RDX RIMC RMS RLEGP RNA RPM RSS RTO	Radio Angle Direction and Range Research and Analysis Wing Research and Development Reserve Bank of India Reinforced Cement Concrete Research Developed Explosive Rashtriya Indian Military College Railway Mail Service Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme Ribonucleic Acid Revolutions Per Minute Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Regional Transport Officer
S
SAARC SAC SAFTA SAI SAIL SAPTA SARS SC SCI SCOPE SCRA SDR SEBI SGPC SHAR SIDBI SIS SITA SLV SPCA SPICMC STARS STD STPI SWAPO	South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Space Application Centre South Asian Free Trade Agreement Sports Authority of India Steel Authority of India Limited South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Security Council/Supreme Court Shipping Corporation of India Standing Conference of Public Enterprises Special Class Railway Apprentice Special Drawing Rights Security Exchange Board of India Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee Shri Harikota Range Small Industries Development Bank of India Secret Intelligence Service (U.K) Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act Satellite Launch Vehicle Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station Subscribers Trunk Dialing Software Technology Parks of India South West African People's Organisation
T
TA TC TELCO TELEX TISCO TNT TOEFL TRAI TRIPS TTE TTFI TWA	Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Teleprinter Exchange Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited Tri-nitro-toluene Test of English as a Foreign Language Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Travelling Ticket Examiner Table Tennis Federation of India Trans World Airlines (USA)
U
UDC UFO UGC UHT ULFA UNCTAD UNDP UNEF UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UNHCR UNI UNICEF UNO UPS UPSC USP USSR UTI	Upper Division Clerk Unidentified Flying Object University Grants Commission Ultra High Temperature United Liberation Front of Assam United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme United Nations Emergency Force United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation United Nations for Population Activities United Nations High Commission for Refugees United News of India United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund United Nations Organisation Uninterrupted Power Supply Union Public Service Commission Unique Selling Proposition, Union of Soviet Socialist Republic Unit Trust of India
V
VAT VDIS VC VIP VPP VRS VSNL VSSC	Value Added Tax Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross Very Important Person Value Payable Post Voluntary Retirement Scheme Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
W
WEF WHO WILL WMO WWF WPI WTO WWF WWW	World Economic Forum World Health Organisation Wireless in Local Loop World Meteorological Organisation World Wild Life Fund Wholesale Price Index World Trade Organisation World Wild Life Fund for Nature World Wide Web
X
X-tian	Christian
Y
YMCA YWCA	Young Men's Christians Association Young Women's Christians Association
Z
ZBB ZPG ZS ZSI	Zero Based Budgeting Zero Population Growth Zoological Society Zoological Survey of India

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Posted in: Abbreviations

Important Days

Important Days

January 9	NRI Day
January 10	World Laughter Day
January 12	National Youth Day
January 15	Army Day
January 26	India's Republic Day, International Customs Day
January 30	Martyrs' Day; World Leprosy Eradication Day
2nd Sunday of February	World Marriage Day
February 24	Central Excise Day
February 28	National Science Day
Second Monday March	Commonwealth Day
March 8	International Women's Day; Intl. literacy Day
March 15	World Disabled Day; World Consumer Rights Day
March 18	Ordnance Factories Day (India)
March 21	World Forestry Day; International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22	World Day for Water
March 23	World Meteorological Day
March 24	World TB Day
April 5	International Day for Mine Awareness; National Maritime Day
April 7	World Health Day
April 17	World Haemophilia Day
April 18	World Heritage Day
April 21	Secretaries' Day
April 22	Earth Day
April 23	World Book and Copyright Day
May 1	Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
May 3	Press Freedom Day; World Asthma Day
May 2nd Sunday	Mother's Day
May 4	Coal Miners' Day
May 8	World Red Cross Day
May 9	World Thalassaemia Day
May 11	National Technology Day
May 12	World Hypertension Day; International Nurses Day
May 15	International Day of the Family
May 17	World Telecommunication Day
May 24	Commonwealth Day
May 31	Anti-tobacco Day
June 4	International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5	World Environment Day
June 3rd Sunday	Father's Day
June 14	World Blood Donor Day
June 26	International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
July 1	Doctor's Day
July 6	World Zoonoses Day
July 11	World Population Day
August 3	Internatioal Friendship Day
August 6	Hiroshima Day
August 8	World Senior Citizen's Day
August 9	Quit India Day, Nagasaki Day
August 15	Indian Independence Day
August 18	IntI. Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
August 19	Photography Day
August 29	National Sports Day
September 2	Coconut Day
September 5	Teachers' Day; Sanskrit Day
September 8	World Literacy Day (UNESCO)
September 15	Engineers' Day
September 16	World Ozone Day
September 21	Alzheimer's Day; Day for Peace & Non-violence (UN)
September 22	Rose Day (Welfare of cancer patients)
September 26	Day of the Deaf
September 27	World Tourism Day
October 1	International Day for the Elderly
October 2	Gandhi Jayanthi
October 3	World Habitat Day
October 4	World Animal Welfare Day
October 8	Indian Air Force Day
October 9	World Post Office Day
October 10	National Post Day
October 2nd Thursday	World Sight Day
October 13	UN International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
October 14	World Standards Day
October 15	World White Cane Day (guiding the blind)
October 16	World Food Day
October 24	UN Day; World Development Information Day
October 30	World Thrift Day
November 9	Legal Services Day
November 14	Children's Day; Diabetes Day
November 17	National Epilepsy Day
November 20	Africa Industrialisation Day
November 29	International Day of Solidarity with Palestinian People
December 1	World AIDS Day
December 3	World Day of the Handicapped
December 4	Indian Navy Day
December 7	Indian Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10	Human Rights Day; IntI. Children's Day of Broadcasting
December 18	Minorities Rights Day (India)
December 23	Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day) (India)

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International Treaties and Agreements

International Treaties and Agreements The Simla Agreement

Signed by the P.M. of India and the President of Pakistan in 1971, the Agreement had following provisions : to normalise relationship between the two countries, to withdraw from the territories seized by them, communications would be resumed. Antarctic Treaty : It is an agreement signed on December 1, 1959 between 12 nations with an interest in Antarctic. These countries are: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the erstwhile USSR (CIS), the U.K. and the US. In all, 39 countries became party to it by 1990 when Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Columbia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, South Korea, North Korea, the Netherlands, Papua New. Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Uruguay also acceded to the treaty. The treaty reserves the Antarctic area south of 60' south latitude for peaceful purposes, provides for international cooperation in scientific investigation and research, and preserves. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Signed in 1968, NPT came into force in 1970. Its main points are as follows : nuclear powers will not transfer nuclear weapons or control over them to any recipient. non-nuclear countries agree neither to receive the weapons nor to manufacture them. nuclear know-how will be made available to the non-nuclear states for peaceful purposes. Originally, for a period of 25 years, NPI was extended indefinitely in 1995. India, Israel and Pakistan have not signed the NPI citing various reasons. Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) This treaty was approved by US General Assembly in 1996. India, Iran and Libya voted against it. India is under constant pressure to sign it.   Indo-Russian Friendship Treaty This treaty was signed by the then P.M. of India and the then President of Russia in 1993. Its main provisions are as follows : to develop cooperation in political, trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and other fields. to promote relations in defence, commerce, science and technology and culture. to work together for achievement of a world without armaments. to support territorial intensity of each other. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START-II) Signed by the then Russian and American Presidents in 1993, its main provisions are : to reduce nuclear warheads. to eliminate all Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles. to reduce nuclear warheads at submarine-based ballistic missiles. to limit nuclear warheads with which heavy bombers can be equipped. Chemical Weapons Convention The Chemical Weapons Convention came into force on April 29, 1997. The signatory states have undertaken to destroy existing stock of chemical weapons by 2007. 164 countries have signed the convention which was first opened to signature in Paris on January 13, 1993. About 75 countries have ratified it.   Human Cloning Agreement On January, 12, 1998, Nineteen European nations signed an agreement banning human cloning. On January 17, 186 member states of UNESCO adopted a declaration denouncing human cloning.

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Important Organisations

The United Nations

• Structure
• The General Assembly
• The Security Council
• The Economic and Social Council (ECO-SOC)
• The Trusteeship Council
• The International Court of Justice
• Secretary General of the UN
• United Nations Member States
• Specialized Agencies of the UN
• Important Years Observed by UNO
• Contemporary United Nations International Decade

Other Important International Organisations

• The Commonwealth
• NATO
• EEC
• OAS
• The Arab League
• AU
• ASEAN
• OPEC
• INTERPOL
• NAM
• SAARC
• Asian Development Bank
• EFTA
• ESA
• ICRC
• Group of Eight
• Group of 77
• Group of Fifteem
• Group of Twenty
• South Commission
• OECD
• APEC

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Heads of Important Offices (World)

Ban Ki-moon : Secretary-General, United Nations Organisation.
Ms. Asha-Rose Migiro : First Deputy Secretary-General, UN.
Lt. Gen. Ahmad Shuja Pasha: Military Adviser to UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations.
Robert Zoellick : President, World Bank.
Dominic Strauss-Kahn: Managing Director, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Irina Bokova: Director-General-UNESCO.
Dr. Margaret Chan: Director-General, WHO.
Jacques Diouf: Director-General, Food and Agricultural Organisation.
Juan Somavia : Director-General, International Labour Organisation.
Anthony Lake : Executive Director, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF).
Antonio Guterres : UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
Helen Clark : Administrator, United Nations Development Programme.
Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi : Secretary-General, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
Angel Gurria : Secretary-General, Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Ms. Rosalyn Higgins: President, International Court of Justice.
Haruhiko Kuroda: President, Asian Development Bank.
Donald Kaberuka : President, African Development Bank.
Jacques Rogge: President, International Olympic Committee.
Kamalesh Sharma: Secretary-General, Commonwealth.
Harshvardhana Singh: Deputy Director-General, WTO.
Bingu Wa Mutharika : Chairman, African Union.
Pascal Lamy : Director-General, WTO.
Ms. Navanethan Pillay : High Commissioner, UN High Commission for Human Rights.
Jerzy Buzek : President, European Union
Sharad Pawar: President, International Cricket Council.
Hosni Mubarak: Secretary-General, Non-Aligned Movement.
Jose Manuel Durao Barroso: President, European Commission.
Kandeh K. Yumkella : Director-General, UNIDO.
Abdul-Rahman bin Hamad Al-Attiyah: Secretary-General, Gulf Co-operation Council.
Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu : Secretary-General, Organisation of Islamic Conference.
Abdallah Salem el-Badri: Secretary-General, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Jose Miguel Insulza Salinas: Secretary-General, Organisation of American States.
Hifikepunye Pohamba : President, South-West African People's Organisation (SWAPO).
Mr. Yukiya Amano : Director- General, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Anders Fogh Rasmussen : Secretary-General, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Dr. Abdul Waheed Khan: Director, Commonwealth of Learning.
Hashim Abdul Halim : Chairman, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association.
Ms. Thoraya Ahmed Obaid : Executive Director, UNFPA.
Dr. Surin Pitsuwan : Secretary-General, ASEAN.
Q. A. M. A. Rahim : Secretary-General, SAARC
Lamine Diack : President, International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF).
Michael Griffin : Chief of NASA (USA).
Salil Shetty: Secretary-General, Amnesty International.

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Heads of Important Offices (India)

Heads of Important Offices (India)

Dr. Manmohan Singh: Chairman, Planning Commission. Ms. Meira Kumar: Speaker, Lok Sabha. Mohammad Hamid Ansari: Chairman, Rajya Sabha. Mr. K. Rahman Khan: Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha. Mr. Karia Munda: Deputy Speaker, Lok Sabha. Mrs. Sushma Swaraj : Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha). Mr. Arun Jaitley: Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha). Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia: Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission. Mr. S. Y. Quraishi: Chief Election Commissioner Mr. V. S. Sampath : Election Commissioner. Mr. Harishankar Brahma : Election Commissioner. Mr. Vinod Rai : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan : Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC) Mr. K. M. Chandrasekhar: Cabinet Secretary. Mr. T. K. A. Nair : Principal Secretary to Prime Minister . Mr. Justice M. N. Rao: Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes. Ms. Shanta Sinha: Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights Dr. Buta Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes Ms. Urmila Singh: Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Prof. D. P. Agrawal: Chairman, UPSC. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan : Chairman, National Commission on Farmers. Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon: National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security). Mr. S. C. Sinha : Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA). Mr. S. S. Khurana: Chairman, Railway Board. Mr. Vivek Kumar Agnihotri: Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha Mr. T. K. Viswanathan : Secretary-General, Lok Sabha. Mr. Nehchal Sandhu: Director, IB. Mr. A. P. Singh: Director, CBI. Mr. K. C. Verma: Director, Research and Analysis Wing. Mr. R. K. Medhekar : Director-General, NSG. Mr. Vijay Kumar : Director-General, CRPF. Mr. Raman Srivastava : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF). Mr. Niraj Ranjan Das : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Mr. Ranjit Sinha: Director-General, Railway Protection Force. Mr. R. K. Bhatia: Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Mr. Y. S. Dadwal : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal. Vice-Admiral Anil Chopra: Director-General, Coast Guard. Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh: Director-General, Defence Intelligence Agency. Mr. Sukhadeo Thorat : Chairman, UGC. Mr. V. K. Saraswat : Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, Defence Research & Development Organisation. Dr. R. Chidambaram : Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government. Mr. K. Radhakrishnan: Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO. Mr. Srikumar Banerjee : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy. Mr. N. K. Raghupathy : Chairman, SSC. Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal: Chairman, National Forest Commission. Dr. Amrita Patel: Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). Lt. Gen. M. C. Badhani : Director-General, Border Roads Organisation. Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch : Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research. Mr. C. Chandramouli : Registrar-General of India and Census Commissioner. Mr. P. V. Reddy : Chairman, Law Commission. Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao : Governor, RBI. Mr. Justice G. N. Ray: Chairman, Press Council of India. Mr. V. J. Darda : Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC). Mr. S. S. N. Moorthy: Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). Mr. A. K. Singh: Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs. Justice Arijit Pasayat : Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal Mr. S. K. Garg : CMD, NHPC. Mr. R. S. Sharma: CMD, ONGC. Mr. U. D. Choubey : CMD, GAIL. Mr. S. Behuria : Chairman, IOC. Mr. N. M. Borah: CMD, Oil India Ltd. Mr. Ashok Ganguly: Chairman, CBSE. Mr. C. B. Bhave: Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India. Mr. U. C. Sarangi: Chairman, NABARD. Mr. O. P. Bhat : Chairman, SBI. Mr. V. P. Shetty : Chairman, IDBI. Mr. S. Balasubramanian : Chairman, Company Law Board. Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri : India's Permanent Representative to UN. Mr. T. S. Vijayan : Chairman, LIC Mr. A. K. Bajaj : Chairman, Central Water Commission. Ms. Girija Vyas : Chairperson, National Commission for Women. Dr. Vijay L. Kelkar: Chairman, 13th Finance Commission. Prof. Suresh D. Tendulkar : Chairman, National Statistical Commission. Ms. Shafmila Tagore : Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification. Dr. Gautam Sengupta : Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India. Mr. Rajan Bharti Mittal : President, FICCI. Mr. J. S. Sarma: Chairman, TRAI Mr. R. N. Das : Director, Enforcement Directorate. Mr. Yogesh Agarwal: Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority. Mr. P. J. Thomas : Central Vigilance Commissioner. Dr. Ratan Kumar Sinha : Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Mr. Wajahat Habibullah : Information Commissioner. Mr. Suresh Kalmadi : President, Indian Olympic Association. Prof. Krishan Kumar: Director, NCERT. Mr. Hari S. Bharti: President, CII. Mr. Sam Pitroda : Chairman, National Knowledge Commission. Ms. Mrinal Pande : Chairman, Prasar Bharti Board. Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission. Mr. Harsh Manglik : Chairman, NASSCOM. Mr. Swati Piramal: President, ASSOCHAM. Mr. Om Puri : Chairman, National Film Development Corporation. Mr. Ravindra Kumar: Chairman, United News of India. Mr. N. Ravi : Chairman, PTI. Mr. Hormusji N. Cama: President, Indian Newspaper Society. Mr. Dilip Modi : President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).

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First in the World

First in the World

1.	Chairman of Peoples Republic of China	Mao-Tse-Tung
2.	President of the Chinese Republic	Dr. Sun Yat Sen
3.	President of U.S.A	George Washington
4.	Chinese Traveller to India	Fahein
5.	Foreign Invader to India	Alexander the Great
6.	Person to reach South Pole	Amundsen
7.	Person to reach North Pole	Robert Pearey
8.	Person in Space	Yuri Gagarin
9.	Person on Moon	Neil Armstrong
10.	Lady to climb Mount Everest	Junko Taibei
11.	European to visit China	Marco Polo
12.	Place where atom bomb was dropped	Hiroshima
13.	Man to walk in Space	Alexei Leonov
14.	Woman cosmonaut in Space	Valentina Tereshkova
15.	Woman Prime Minister of a country	Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
16.	Woman President of a country	Maria Estela Peron
17.	Woman to Command a Space Mission	Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
18.	The first residents of International Space station	Bill Shepherd (USA), Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei Krikalev (Russia)
19.	The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest	Erik Weihenmayer  (USA, May 25, 2001)

20.	The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International	lrine Zubeida Khan
21.	The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date	Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
22.	The first South African to become the second space tourist	Mark Shuttleworth
23.	The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea	Ms. Chang Sang
24.	The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess	Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
25.	The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft	Felix Baumgartner (July 2003)
26.	China's first man in space	Yang Liwei
27.	The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize	Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)
28.	The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record	Kiran Baloch (Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing women's cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in March, 2004)
29.	The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times	Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
30.	The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming	Bula Chaudhury (India)
31.	The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2 engine aircraft in 67 hours	Steve Fossett (March 2005)
32.	The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in Afghanistan	Habiba Sorabhi
33.	The first woman of the world to swim across five continents	Bula Chaudhury (India) (April 2005)
34.	The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault	Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva  (Russian, July 2005)
35.	The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court	Justice Rana Bhagwan Das Took over on Sept. 2, 2005 as Acting Chief Justice
36.	The first duly elected woman President of an African country	Allen Johnson Sirleaf (elected President of Liberia in Nov. 2005)
37.	The first woman Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan	Shanshad Akhtar  (Appointed in Dec. 2005)
38.	The first woman Chancellor of Germany	Angela Merkel  (Took over in Nov. 2005)
39.	The first woman President of Chile	Dr. Michelle Bachelet
40.	The first woman Prime Minister of Jamaica	Portia Simpson Miller (Feb. 2006)
41.	The first woman foreign Secretary of England	Margaret Backett (May 2006)
42.	The first double amputee to scale Mt. Everest	Mark Inglis (May 15, 2006)

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Posted in: gk , World