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1. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(a) Manas sanctuary – Assam

(b) Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh

(c) Dachigam sanctuary – West Bengal

(d) Bandipur sanctuary – Karnataka

Ans. (c)

2. The tendency towards increased variety and density of species at community junctions is known as the

(a) edge effect

(b) variability

(c) vital index

(d) biotic potential

Ans. (a)

3. The movement of individuals into and out of population is caused by birth, death immigration and emigration. Such a state denotes

(a) population density’

(b) population turnover

(c) regulation of population

(d) basic biotic school

Ans. (a)

4. The ecological importance of predators in a community lies in the fact that they help to

(a) reduce the population of prey

(b) break up the population of prey

(c) increase the population of prey

(d) balance the population of prey

Ans. (a)

5. DDT has been banned from many developed countries because of its

(a) high toxicity to mammals

(b) high degree of persistence in the environment

(c) low toxicity to insects

(d) high solubility in water

Ans. (b)

6. Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Ponotobdella is not a bubicolous worm.

(ii) Parental care is not observed in Icthyophis.

(iii) Upright Hippocampus holds the sea weeds by the finless tail and not snout.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

Codes:

(a) i, ii and iii

(b) ii and iii

(c) i and ii

(d) i and iii

Ans. (b)

7. Species having wide geographical ranges often develop locally adapted population called.

(a) prototypes

(b) paratypes

(c) syntypes

(d) ecotypes

Ans. (d)

8. David Schindler divided a small oligotrophic lake in to two halves by suspending a plastic sheet across a narrow neck in the middle of the lake, thus preventing the mixing of the waters of two sides of the plastic sheet. He then added a large amount of phosphates to one half of the lake, leaving the other half as a control. Within a few weeks he observed that

(a) the phosphates dissolved fully and the water become colored

(b) in the experimental part of the lake the water developed a massive bloom of plankton

(c) in the control part of the lake a luxuriant growth of phytoplankton developed

(d) all the fishes died in the experimental part of the lake

Ans. (b)

9. In an ecosystem, which of the given components would form a part such that each component influences the properties of the other?

(i) Abiotic environment

(ii) Biotic communities

(iii) Producer communities

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Codes:

(a) i, ii and iii

(b) i and ii

(c) i and iii

(d) ii and iii

Ans. (a)

10. The ratio between the energy flow at different points along the food chain, when expressed as percentage is called

(a) ecological gradient

(b) relative ratio of energy flow

(c) energy flow efficiency

(d) ecological efficiency

Ans. (b)

11. As compared to most of the plants, the red algae can thrive at greater depths in water because they

(a) possess special enzymes for photosynthesis in poor light

(b) can tolerate very cold medium

(c) possess supplementary pigments for absorption of light

(d) have developed tolerance to toxic metabolites

Ans. (c)

12. The pelagic animals remain floating in open waters without sinking to the bottom. For this ability to remain a float, which of the following adaptations have been developed by these organisms?

(i) Reduced skeletal and shell materials.

(ii) Incorporation of large amounts of water or air in their tissues.

(iii) Glandular structures that secrete gases into them.

(iv) Hollow bones.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Codes:

(a) ii, iii and iv

(b) i, ii and iii

(c) i, iii and iv

(d) i, ii and iv

Ans. (b)

13. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists

List-I                                              List-II

A. Parasitism relationship           1. Intraspecific

B. Harmful insect                        2. Termite

C. Social life                               3.Aphid

D. Mating competition               4. Interspecific relationship

5. Elephant

Codes:

A B C D

(a) 3 1 5 2

(b) 4 2 3 1

(c) 3 4 5 2

(d) 4 3 2 1

Ans. (b)

14. Circadian rhythm is the metabolic or behavioral rhythm of:

(a) 24 minutes cycle

(b) 24 hours cycle

(c) 24 days cycle

(d) 24 months cycle

Ans. (b)

15. BOD is a measure of polluting organic matter present in a sample of

(a) water

(b) air

(c) soil

(d) bottom mud from a pond

Ans. (a)

16. Which one of the following forests is known to be a “forest that never burns”?

(a) Coniferous forest

(b) Tropical rain forest

(c) Deciduous forest

(d) Tundra forest

Ans. (b)

17. Which of the following statements is/are true?

(i) A community and its habitat mutually interact

(ii) A community and its habitat are interdependent

(iii) A community and its habitat exist independently

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

Codes:

(a) i and ii

(b) i alone

(c) i and iii

(d) ii alone

Ans. (a)

18. Which one of the following factors is not concerned with population regulation in animals?

(a) Territorialism

(b) Hierarchy contest

(c) Threatening displays

(d) Hibernation

Ans. (d)

19. Tinamus was an endemic genus of flightless birds found in “Bird continent” located in

(a) Palearctic region

(b) Oriental region

(c) Neotropical region

(d) Nearctic region

Ans. (c)

20. Consider the following conditions

(i) The mimics or the imitative species occur in the same areas which are occupied by the model species.

(ii) Mimics are usually defenseless and they mimic the offensive or harmful animals.

(iii) Mimics are always less in number than the models.

(iv) Even if the imitation is minute, it should be external and visible.

According to Wallace, the conditions necessary for protective mimicry would indude:

(a) i and iii

(b) ii and iv

(c) i, ii and iv

(d) i, ii, iii and iv

Ans. (d)

21. Humus is

(a) totally decomposed organic matter in the soil

(b) partially decomposed organic matter in the soil

(c) totally decomposed organic matter in a pond

(d) partially decomposed organic matter in a pond

Ans. (b)

22. Consider the following statements:

In an ecosystem, energy:

(i) Movement is unidirectional.

(ii) Is lost irretrievably.

(iii) Movement is non-cyclic.

(iv) Movement is from higher to lower trophic levels. Of these statements:

(a) i, ii and iii are correct

(b)  ii and iv are correct

(c) i, iii and iv are correct

(d) ii, iii and iv are correct

Ans. (c)

23. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists

List-I                                            List-II

A. Ecotone                             1. Running water

B. Benthic                              2. Replacement of one community by another

C. Sere                                   3. Transitional zone between two communities

D. Lotic                                 4. Zone found at the bottom of the sea

Codes:

A B C D

(a) 3 4 2 1

(b) 4 3 2 1

(c) 3 4 1 2

(d) 4 3 1 2

Ans. (a)

24. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

(i) Amensalism…A population is inhibited whereas the other populations remain unaffected

(ii) Predation… A population uses the other as its food.

(iii) Mutualism…. interaction favorable to both and obligatory

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

Codes:

(a) i, ii and iii

(b) i and ii

(c) i and iii

(d) ii and iii

Ans. (a)

25. Match list-I (Physico-chemical factors) with list-II (Effect) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists

List-I                                         List-II

A. Temperature fluctuations           1. Problem of osmoregulation

B. Light fluctuations                      2. Shortage of food to herbivores

C. H⁺ 3. Affects distribution of animals

D. Low salinity                              4. Major limiting factor

A B C D

(a) 2 4 3 1

(b) 4 2 3 1

(c) 2 4 1 3

(d) 4 2 1 3

Ans. (b)

26. The nature of interrelationship between corals and zooxanthellae is called

(a) cleaning symbiosis

(b) physiological symbiosis

(c) amensalism

(d) protocooperation

Ans. (b)

27. Which one of the following sets consists entirely of endangered wild life species of India?

(a) Himalayan musk deer, black buck, Indian lion, rhino, sambar

(b) Himalayan musk deer, Indian lion, rhino, wild buffalo, golden cat

(c) Egret, black bear, bison, spotted deer

(d) Himalayan musk deer, great Indian bustard, snow leopard, Kashmir stag, wild ass.

Ans. (a)

28. Biological clocks of living organisms:

(a) Are chemosensory system receptive to environmental stimuli

(b) Oscillate continuously and environment does not initiate or stop their function

(c) Are regulated by environmental stimuli

(d) Are independent of changes in environment

Ans. (d)

29. Forest floors in general support a wide variety of arthropods. The predominant forms closely associated with four tilters are the

(a) insects

(b) ants

(c) mites

(d) spiders

Ans. (a)

30. Match list-I (Protected areas) with list-II (State) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists

List-I                                 List-II

A. Gulf of Mannar                    1. Gujarat

B. Uttarakhand                         2. Uttar Pradesh

C. Sunder bans                         3. West Bengal

D. Rann of Kutch                     4. Tamil Nadu

Codes:

A B C D

(a) 2 4 1 3

(b) 2 4 3 1

(c) 4 2 1 3

(d) 4 2 3 1

Ans. (d)

31. A community with low species diversity and high dominance is said to be

(a) unproductive but stable

(b) productive but unstable

(c) neither productive nor stable

(d) both productive and stable

Ans. (a)

32. Some insect populations have one generation per year.

Some insects also depend upon annual crop. Besides there is the phenomenon called algal bloom. In all these cases the growth curve is

(a) sigmoid type

(b) oscillatory

(c) “J” shaped

(d) not of any definite shape or pattern

Ans. (c)

33. The maximum possible rate of increase of population of a given species under ideal conditions would depend upon its

(a) biotic potential

(b) potential natality

(c) carrying capacity

(d) biomass

Ans. (c)

34. Apteryx is present only in

(a) India t

(c) Ireland

(b) New Zealand

(d) Africa

Ans. (b)

35. The starfishes are:

(a) pelagic creatures

(b) lotic creatures

(c) abyssal creatures

(d) benthonic creatures

Ans. (d)

36. The biomass of one trophic level getting incorporated into the biomass of the next trophic level is the

(a) relative ratio of energy flow

(b) energy flow efficiency

(c) ecological efficiency

(d) ecological gradient

Ans. (c)

37. Skeletal structures of terrestrial animals are more elaborate than that of aquatic vertebrates because

(a) air is more mobile than water

(b) water contains more nutrients than air

(c) movement is much easier in air than in water

(d) density of water is much greater than that of air

Ans. (d)

38. Which one of the following not a cause leading to the endangered status of a species?

(a) Destruction of habitat

(b) Environmental pollution

(c) Unregulated commercial exploitation

(d) Migration

Ans. (d)

39. Which one of the following statements is a scientifically meaningful explanation of circadian rhythm?

(a) The behaviour of an organism is conditioned by internal physiological readiness and capacities of various sorts but it does not fluctuate rhythmically in response to external stimuli

(b) The behaviour of an organism in its natural environment is a response to external stimuli alone and fluctuates rhythmically

(c) The behaviour of an organism in its natural environment is a response to external stimuli and is conditioned by internal physiological readiness and capacities of various sorts. Both external environment and internal -readiness fluctuate rhythmically and at specific intervals

(d) The behaviour of an organism in its natural environment is a response to external stimuli and is conditioned by internal physiological readiness and capacities of various sorts. But the external environment and internal readiness fail to fluctuate rhythmically at intervals

Ans. (a)

40. Biological Oxygen Demand refers to the amount of oxygen required to

(a) Break down the organic materials

(b) synthesis organic compounds

(c) convert inorganic materials to their oxides and cause their precipitation

(d) facilitate respiration

Ans. (a)

41. Match list-I (Animals) with list-II (Their realm) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists

List-I                                       List-II

A. Protopterus                           1. Australian

B. Opossum                              2. Ethiopian

C. Sphenodon                           3. Nearctic

D. Prehensile tailed monkey    4. Neotropical

Codes:

A B C D

(a) 2 3 1 4

(b) 2 1 3 4

(c) 4 1 3 2

(d) 4 3 1 2

Ans. (a)

42. The animals inhabiting grass land ecosystem are characterized by

(a) good sight

(b) capacity to mimic

(c) swift locomotion

(d) acute sense of smell

Ans. (a)

43. “Ecotone “is best described as the

(a) state of equilibrium among various trophic levels in an ecosystem

(b) potentiality of an animal to adjust to new circumstances

(c) transition between two or more diverse communities

(d) maximum biomass an ecosystem can support

Ans. (c)

44. Which one of the following chemicals is not related to biological magnification?

(a) Chlorinated hydrocarbon

(b) Heavy metal

(c) Organophosphates

(d) Polychlorinated biphenyls

Ans. (b)

45. At which one of the following trophic level is DDT sprayed to control insect pests of crops?

(a) Primary producers

(b) Primary consumers

(c) Secondary consumers

(d) Tertiary consumers

Ans. (a)

46. “Parasitic flies are often more-important enemies of insect than are the Hymenoptera. Tachina fly has a large variety of caterpillar hosts and usually succeeds in keeping several of them under complete subjugation.”

The above statement clearly establishes association between Tachina fly and caterpillars. Keeping in view the type of mouth parts available in the order Diptera, the fly-caterpillar association is established through

(a) Ectoparasitism

(b) Endoparasitism

(c) Predation

(d) Oviposition

Ans. (a)

47. Which of the following pair is correctly matched?

(a) Saprozoic — Synthesize food with chlorophyll

(b) Symbiotic — Lives completely on other organisms

(c) Holozoic —   feeds on other organisms

(d) Holophytic — sucks the blood of the host

Ans. (b)

48. With the increasing use of DDT, the number of DDT resistant mosquitoes has increased to a great extent. In the middle of the present century, their number was insignificant, but now they constitute the major portion of mosquito population in India.

The type of selection operating in this situation is:

(a) Lamarckian selection

(b) Natural selection

(c) Disruptive selection

(d) Artificial selection

Ans. (d)

49. Which one of the following sets of environmental factors refers to the only density dependent factors?

(a) Temperature, food, disease, light

(b) Food, predation, disease, accumulation of metabolites

(c) Temperature, salinity, predation, disease

(d) Food, salinity, accumulation of metabolites, light

Ans. (b)

50. Consider the following organism:

(i) Pheretima

(ii) Calanus

(iii) Shark

(iv) Herring

The correct sequence of arrangement of the organisms in order of their trophic levels is—

(a) i, ii, iv, iii

(b) ii, i, iv, iii

(c) i, ii, iii, iv

(d) ii, i, iii, iv

Ans. (a)

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